The Diplomas of King Aethlred The Unready The reign of AEthelred the Unready is known to us mainly from a series of annals in the Anglo Saxon Chrolicle written at or after its close and accordingly conveying an impression of gatheri

The reign of AEthelred the Unready 978 1016 is known to us mainly from a series of annals in the Anglo Saxon Chrolicle, written at or after its close and accordingly conveying an impression of gathering doom as Viking armies ravaged the country and eventually, under the leadership of Swein Forkbeard and Cnut, brought about its conquest Dr Keynes is here concerned to eThe reign of AEthelred the Unready 978 1016 is known to us mainly from a series of annals in the Anglo Saxon Chrolicle, written at or after its close and accordingly conveying an impression of gathering doom as Viking armies ravaged the country and eventually, under the leadership of Swein Forkbeard and Cnut, brought about its conquest Dr Keynes is here concerned to establish what light the royal diplomas issued in King AEthelred s name throw on this unhappy and notorious period He first considers the general issues that bear directly on the value of royal diplomas as historical evidence for all periods of Anglo Saxon history, discussing the circumstances under which these documents have been preserved, the techniques available for their criticism, and the arrangements that existed for their production He then demonstrates how a detailed analysis of AEthelred s diplomas can transform our understanding of this troubled reign On a practical level they provide invaluable evidence on the operation of royal government, and on a personal level they afford a remarkable insight into the relations between the king and his councillors, suggesting a picture of political manoeuvring and court intrigue which compensates for the chronicler s emphasis on the struggle against the marauding Vikings By placing the familiar account of incessant warfare in the context of these domestic affairs it becomes possible for the first time to see the reign in its true perspective.